DocumentExhibit 21.1
LIGAND PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES
| | | | | | | | |
| Name | | Jurisdiction of Incorporation |
| Allergan Ligand Retinoid Therapeutics, Inc. | | Delaware |
| Aramed Inc. | | Delaware |
| Cita NeuroPharmaceuticals Inc. | | Canada |
| CyDex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | | Delaware |
| Glycomed Incorporated | | California |
| Ligand Biopharmaceuticals Incorporated | | Delaware |
| Ligand Holdings UK Limited | | England and Wales |
| Ligand JVR, Inc. | | Delaware |
| Ligand Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated | | Canada |
| Ligand Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. | | Delaware |
| Ligand Pharmaceuticals UK Limited | | United Kingdom |
| Ligand UK Development Limited | | England and Wales |
| Ligand UK Group Limited | | England and Wales |
| Ligand UK Limited | | England and Wales |
| Ligand UK Research Limited | | England and Wales |
| Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc. | | Delaware |
| Neurogen Corporation | | Delaware |
| Pfenex Inc. | | Delaware |
| Pharmacopeia, LLC | | Delaware |
| Seragen Incorporated | | Delaware |
| Seragen Technology, Inc. | | Delaware |
| Vernalis Therapeutics Inc. | | Delaware |
| Verrow Pharmaceuticals | | Kansas |